Pharmaceutical drugs are made to prevent, treat and cure various
illnesses and diseases. They are curative, preventive and diagnostic in nature.
You have
prescription and non prescription drugs based on the composition and
application of the medicine. Common non prescription drugs are skin lotions,
creams, allergy drugs and some pain killers.
Medicines are used to treat pain, respiratory problems,
endocrine problems and digestive issues. Other illnesses include respiratory,
skeletal disorders, cardiovascular issues and eye infections.
Medicine is generally associated with substances
administered for curative and preventive purposes. Entrepreneurs interested in
going into the pharmaceutical industry need to have a full knowledge of
prescription drugs.
There are different types of medicines used for various
ailments. We have those best suited for digestive problems, cardiovascular issues
and central nervous systems.
Some pharmaceutical drugs are made to relieve pain such
as analgesics, eye infections, muscular- skeletal disorders and respiratory
problems.
More include endocrine problems, reproductive challenges,
skin problems and urinary tract infections. Nutritional drugs are not left out
including allergy disorders, infections, immune system problems and for
contraception.
Pharmaceutical
drug classification
There are three broad ways pharmaceutical drugs are
classified. One group is differentiated
along the line of vaccines, therapies, blood products and biopharmaceuticals.
Another is prescription drugs only dispensed by a
qualified pharmacist. And the third groups are medicine that has a therapeutic
effect on the patient.
Classification based on origin of the drug includes
mineral origin, herbal origin or chemical synthesis. Other origins are
microbial such as antibiotics, chemical, hormones, and enzymes.
More include radioactive substances, biotechnology,
genetic or partial chemical synthesis
Classes
of medicinal drugs
The classes of medicinal drugs include tranquilizers,
stimulants, pravastatin, oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy.
Others are mood stabilizers, antiseptics, and anti-malaria drugs, analgesics
and antipyretics.
Pharmaceutical
drug development
The development of a pharmaceutical drug goes through
many stages before approval for sales. The development is carried out by
scientist, lab technicians and academicians.
The product goes through development, product testing and
certification. From the developmental stages through the internal and external
test to production could take about 10 years.
Every produced drug goes through government regulatory
bodies, intense testing and certification. There are also international
standards and regulations guiding the production.
Drug
manufacturing
Manufactured drugs are synthesis in an industrial scale.
The medicine goes through several stages before getting the actual product.
The manufacturing
process starts with the formulation and developmental stages. The next stages
are blending process, milling and granulation. If the drug is administered
orally then the manufacturers use the hot melt extrusion method.
Pharmaceutical
manufacturing process
Formulation
The formulation process is lengthy and tedious because
the actual composition is determined. Scientists go through a rigorous process
of combining the drugs composition.
The raw materials
are diverse and complex depending on the drug. They need to evaluate
measurements, effects, stability and other complex calculations.
After formulation the mode of delivery is also factored.
The manufacturer needs to determine if the medicine is administered orally,
capsulated, liquid or administered as a vaccine.
Blending
Once the formulation and precise calculations are reached
then it goes through blending. Different compounds are blended together in
precise measurement.
The purpose is to
establish precise dose during administration of the drug. The different
compounds are blended in a controlled and precise manner to achieve
consistency.
Every capsule has the exact amount of the drug for proper
administration.
Milling
The compounds used in the drug might require milling.
Milling reduces the average size of particles into powdery substances.
This provides drug uniformity, same dose and easy
compounding. Capsules are filled with a combination of milled compounds to form
the drug.
Granulation
Granulation binds smaller particles to make a large
granule. This is common place in tablet manufacturing process. The granule
contains all the essential proportions found in the tablet.
Hot
melt extrusion
Hot melt extrusion is generally used to produce oral
drugs. It increases solubility in poor soluble drugs and enables easier usage.
The process of hot melt extrusion involves pressure,
extruding process and heat. It effectively reduces particles and mixes
materials together.
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